Showing posts with label School Studies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label School Studies. Show all posts

Friday, January 22, 2010

From the School Library...

"...We can summarize all of this by recalling the old fashioned maxim that a piece of writing should have unity, clarity, and coherence. That is, indeed, a basic maxim of good writing... If the writing has unity, we must find it. If the writing has clarity and coherence, we must appreciate it by finding the distinction of its outlines. What is clear is so by the distinctness of its outlines. What is coherent hangs together in an orderly disposition of parts."

~ Mortimer Adler, How To Read A Book, Chapter VII 

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Persevero,


Monday, January 11, 2010

Say That Again?

The other day, as I was reading the section about John Calvin in George Hodges' Saints & Heroes Since the Middle Ages, I came across the following passage...
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"The theology of Calvin has been in a great part outgrown also. Where he thought of God mainly as the Sovereign of the world, we think of Him rather as the Father of all men. Where he thought of the Bible as a divine book, dictated by God, we think of it as a human book, written by men who increased century by century in the knowledge of God. Where he thought of man as wholly bad, and saved only by the sacrifice of Christ, and even then saved only in part, according to the pleasure of God, without reference to the good or evil of their lives, we think of man as progressing, more and more, towards goodness, by the help of Christ into an eternal life where everybody shall reap what he has sown."
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Excuse me? Say that again?


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Persevero,
Scribe

Friday, January 8, 2010

From the School Library...

CRANMER  (Clears his throat fussily)  Sir Thomas, [the Act] states in the preamble that the King's former marriage, to the Lady Catherine, was unlawful, she being previously his brother's wife and the - er - "Pope" having no authority to sanction it. (Gently) Is that what you deny? (No reply) Is that what you dispute? (No reply) Is that what you are not sure of? (No reply)
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NORFOLK   Thomas, you insult the King and His Council in the person of the Lord Archbishop!
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MORE  I insult no one. I will not take the oath. I will not tell you why I will not.
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NORFOLK  Then your reasons must be treasonable!
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MORE  Not "must be"; may be.
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NORFOLK  It's a fair assumption!
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MORE  The law requires more than an assumption; the law requires a fact.
           (CROMWELL looks at him and away again)
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CRANMER  I cannot judge your legal standing in the case; but until I know the ground of your objection, I can only guess your spiritual standing too.
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MORE  (For a second furiously affronted; then humor overtakes him)  If you're willing to guess at that, Your Grace, it should be a small matter to guess my objections.
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CROMWELL  (Quickly)  You do have objections to the Act?
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NORFOLK  (Happily)  Well, we know that, Cromwell!
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MORE  You don't, my lord. You may suppose I have objections. All you know is that I will not swear to it. From sheer delight to give you trouble it might be.
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NORFOLK  Is it material why you won't?
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MORE  It's most material. For refusing to swear, my goods are forfeit and I am condemned to life imprisonment. You cannot lawfully harm me further. But if you were right in supposing I had reasons for refusing and right again in supposing my reasons to be treasonable, the law would let you cut my head off.
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NORFOLK  (He has followed with some difficulty)  Oh yes.
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CROMWELL  (An admiring murmur)  Oh, well done, Sir Thomas. I've been trying to make that clear to His Grace for some time.

~ from Act II of the play
A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt

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Persevero,
Scribe

Friday, December 18, 2009

From the School Library...

"Aye me, how many perils do enfold
The righteous man, to make him daily fall?
Were not, that heavenly grace doth him uphold,
And steadfast truth aquite him out of all.
Her love is firm, her care continual,
So oft as he through his own foolish pride
Or weakness is to sinful bands made thrall."
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"Entire affection hateth nicer hands."*


~Excerpt from Book 1 of The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser


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Persevero,
Scribe 


* i.e. true love and true friendship do not hesitate to get their hands dirty in the service of another

Friday, December 11, 2009

From the School Library...

Raphael Hythloday: "...I am firmly persuaded that there is no way property can be equitably and justly distributed or the affairs of mortal men managed so as to make them happy unless private property is utterly abolished. But if it remains, there will also always remain a distressing and unavoidable burden of poverty and anxiety on the backs of the largest and best part of the human race... since you cannot give something to one person without taking it away from someone else."

Sir Thomas More: "Quite the contrary, it seems to me that no one can live comfortably where everything is held in common. For how can there be any abundance of goods when everyone stops working because he is no longer motivated by making a profit, and grows lazy because he relies on the labour of others? And then, when people are driven by want and there is no law which enables them to keep their acquisitions for their own use, wouldn't everyone necessarily suffer from continual bloodhsed and turmoil? Especially when the magistrates no longer have any respect or authority, for I cannot conceive how they could have any among people who are all placed on one level."

~ Excerpted from Book I of Sir Thomas More's Utopia

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Persevero,
Scribe


Thursday, November 19, 2009

From the School Library...

"Because of more and more media, we have become a sound-bite society, an advertisement society, a talk show society. Today, what we say does not have to be thoughtful and conclusive; it just has to be said now, while the microphone is still on. In a culture like ours, the ability to be a fast talker is more valued than the ability to be a reasoned and weighty talker. In this talk show society, it seems that the quantity of language has become more important than the quality."
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"Ideas today no longer need to be expressed in full sentences. Rather, the ideas of today seem to come out in a continuous flow of ongoing language. Sooner or later the idea seems to be 'out there', and then the word-stream stops"
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"In the past, the carefully structured sentence was the medium for encapsulating and precision-stating our thoughts. Today, precision and structure seem less important than the ability to 'wax eloquent' at the drop of a hat... Precision becomes less important; spontaneous expression of opinion becomes all-in-all."


~ Robert Einarsson in Chapter I of Traditional English Sentence Style


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Persevero,
Scribe

Friday, November 6, 2009

From the School Library...

"Your Imperial Majesty and Your Lordships demand simple answer. Here it is, plain and unvarnished. Unless I am convicted of error by the testimony of Scripture or (since I put no trust in the unsupported authority of Popes or councils, since it is plain that they have often erred and often contradicted themselves) by manifest reasoning, I stand convicted by the Scriptures to which I have appealed, and my conscience is taken captive by God's word, I cannot and will not recant anything, for to act against our conscience is neither safe, nor open to us.
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"On this I take my stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen."

~ Excerpt from Martin Luther's speech 
at the Diet of Worms (1521)


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Persevero,
Scribe

Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Basic Christianity - Chapter 2 "The Claims of Christ"

Note: as you read this, keep in mind that Basic Christianity is addressed mainly to the skeptics, those who doubt or challenge Christianity. Remembering this fact will put many of Stott's statements into perspective...
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In Chapter 2 of Basic Christianity, John Stott begins by stressing this all-important fact: when enquiring into Christianity, we must begin with Jesus Christ Himself. We can't start our search anywhere else. Here are the two principle reasons why:


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I. "Essentially, Christianity is Christ. The person and work of Christ are the rock upon which the Christian religion is built. If He is not who He said He was, if He did not do what He said He had come to do, the foundation is undermined and the whole superstructure is collapsed.  Take Christ from Christianity, and you disembowel it. Christ is the centre of Christianity; all else is circumference. We are not concerned primarily to discuss the nature of His philosophy, the value of His system, or the quality of His ethic. Our concern is fundamentally with the character of His person. Who was He?"
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II. "If Jesus Christ can be shown to have been a uniquely divine person, many other problems begin naturally to be solved. The existence of God is proved and the character of God revealed if Jesus was divine. Again questions about man's duty and destiny, life after death, the purpose and authority of the Old Testament and the meaning of the cross begin to be answered because Jesus taught about these things, and His teaching must be true if His person was divine."
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This said, we will use the Stott continues by reminding us that "our purpose is to marshal evidence to prove that Jesus was the Son of God... only so could He be worthy not just of our admiration but of our worship."
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This evidence, Stott tells us, "is at least threefold: it concerns the claims He made, the character He displayed and His resurrection from the dead. No one argument is conclusive. But the three converging lines point unfalteringly to the same conclusion."
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So, right now we'll start with Evidence #1: the Claims of Christ. These can be divided into four different kinds of claim: His Self-Centered Teaching, His Direct Claims, His Indirect Claims, and His Dramatized Claims...
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I. His Self-Centered Teaching. "The most striking feature of the teaching of Jesus," Stott points out, "is that He was constantly talking about Himself." This instantly sets Him apart from other religious leaders, who were always self-effacing rather than self-advancing. Jesus declared... 
  • that Abraham had rejoiced to see His day (John 8:56)
  • that Moses had written about Him (John 5:46)
  • that the Scriptures bore witness to Him (John 5:39)
  • that in the three great divisions of the Old Testament (the law, the prophets, and the writings) there were things concerning Him (Luke 24:27,44)
  • that to believe in Him was man's chief duty and that to deny Him was man's chief sin (John 8:24) 
  • that the Holy Spirit would testify of Him (John 15:26)  
  • that those who would believe on Him would find eternal life. (John 3:36)   
II. His Direct Claims. Jesus did not hesitate to make very direct claims concerning His deity, His Messiahship, and His oneness with God Father. Stott says, "So close was His identification with God [the Father] that it was natural for Him to equate man's attitude to Himself with  his attitude to God. Thus, 

  • to know Him was to know God (John 14:7)
  • to see Him was to see God (John 14:9; 12:45)
  • to believe in Him was to believe in God (John 12:44; 14:1)
  • to receive Him was to receive God (Mark 9:37)
  • to hate Him was to hate God (John 15:23)
  • to honor Him was to honor God. (John 5:23) 
These are some of the general claims which Jesus made to a unique relationship with God [the Father]." 
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III. His Indirect Claims. "Christ's claim to deity," Stott says, "was advanced as forcefully by indirect as by direct means. Of these, four may be mentioned..."

  • He claimed the power to forgive sins (Mark 2:1-12; Luke 7:36)
  • He claimed the power to bestow life (John 6:35; 11:25; 14:6; 15:4-5; 17:2; 5:21)
  • He claimed the power to teach the truth (John 7:46; Luke 4:32; Matthew 7:28-29)
  • He claimed the power to judge the world (John 5:22, 28-29; Matthew 25:31-46)
All of these are powers which God alone possesses. Therefore, by declaring these powers to be His powers, He declares Himself to be divine.
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IV. His Dramatized Claims. By this, we are referring to the recorded miracles of Jesus Christ.  Stott tells us, "This is no place for a thorough discussion of the possibility and purpose of miracles. It is sufficient to indicate that the value of Christ's miracles lies less in their supernatural character than in their spiritual significance. They were 'signs' as well as 'wonders'. They were never performed selfishly or senselessly. Their purpose was not to show off or compel submission. They were not so much demonstrations of physical power as illustrations of moral authority. They were are in fact the acted parables of Jesus. They exhibit His claims visually. His works dramatize His words." Here are several examples...

  • The feeding of the five-thousand (John 6:1-13) advanced Christ's claim to satisfy the hunger of the human heart (John 6:35).
  • The opening the eyes of a man born blind (John 9:1-7) demonstrated Christ's claim to open men's eyes to see and know God (John 9:39)
  • The raising of Lazarus from the dead (John 11:14-45) illustrated Christ's claim to be the life of a believer before death and the resurrection of a believer after death (John 11:25-26)
Conclusion
At the end of Chapter 2, John Stott reminds us that we cannot eliminate these claims from the teaching of Jesus Christ; neither can we say that these claims were merely inventions or exaggerations. "They are widely and evenly distributed in the Gospels and the sources of the Gospels, and the portrait is too consistent and too balanced to have been imagined." 
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Of course the claims in and of themselves are not evidence enough of deity. They could have been false. However, we must find some explanation for them. "We can no longer regard Jesus as simply a great teacher if He was completely mistaken in one of the chief subjects of His teaching - Himself." 
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We must then inevitably ask the question 'Was Jesus an impostor? Did He claim a divine authority He had no right to claim?' "This," Stott says, "is very difficult to believe. There is something guileless about Jesus. He hated hypocrisy in others and was transparently sincere Himself." 
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'Was He then mistaken?' we ask, 'Did He simply have deluded notions about Himself?' Stott answers, "This possibility has its protagonists, but one suspects that their delusion is greater than His. Jesus does not give the impression of abnormality which one expects to find in the deluded. His character appears to support His claims, and it is in this sphere that we must now pursue our investigation."


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Persevero,
Scribe




Friday, October 30, 2009

From the School Library...

"On Studies"
An Essay by Sir Francis Bacon

"Studies serve for delight, for interest, and for ability.
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"Their chief use for delight is in privateness of retiring; for interest, is in conversation; and for ability, is in judgment and disposition of business.
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"To spend to much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for interest is affectation; to make judgment of them wholly by their rules is the quirk of a scholar.
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"Craft men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them: for they do not teach their own use; but that is a wisdom outside of studies and above studies, won by observation.
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"Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
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"Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
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"Reading makes a full man; conversation a ready man; and writing an accurate man.
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"And therefore, if a man write little, he had need of great memory; if he converse little, he had need of quick wit; and if he read little, he had need of much cunning, to seem to know what he doth not.
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"Histories make men wise; poets, witty; mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral philosophy, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend...
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"So if a man's mind be given to wandering, let him study mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his attention be called away ever so little, he must begin again: if his mind be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study logic; for that is the 'hair-splitter': if he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases: so every weakness of the mind may have its own remedy."


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Persevero,
Scribe


Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Basic Christianity - Chapter 1 "The Right Approach"


John Stott makes many excellent points in the first chapter of his Basic Christianity. All of these points, however, can be summarized in four ...
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I. The Infiniteness of God
Our finite brains will never be able to fully wrap themselves around the greatness of God. His being is too magnificent for us to even begin to comprehend. Job 11:7 sums it up well by stating,"Canst thou by searching, find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?"  That which is mortal cannot truly understand that which is immortal and that which is imperfect cannot really grasp that which is perfect. Our knowledge is limited and short-reaching when it comes to Jehovah. "Great is our Lord, and of great power: His understanding is infinite," says Psalm 147:5. Our understanding isn't infinite, however, and the sooner we understand that we can't understand, the better.
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II. The Finiteness of Man. 
Contrast the Almighty God with Man, and you cannot fathom the gulf which separates them. That gulf was created when Adam and Eve willfully rebelled in Eden, fell into sin, and were consequently driven from the presence of God. Hence, as descendants of Adam, we are all conceived in sin, born in sin, live in sin, and die in sin. Job 15:16 speaks of man as an "abominable and filthy" creature that "drinketh iniquity like water". Furthermore, Romans 6:23 says that "the wages of sin is death". God, in His justice, will in no wise allow sin to escape punishment; rather, His wrath "is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men" (Romans 1:18). 
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III. The Redeeming Work of Christ
As I said before, God's justice requires satisfaction against sin. This satisfaction - incomprehensibly heavy and terrible as it is - is completely beyond mankind's ability to pay. We are helpless, unable to do the littlest thing to appease the Almighty's wrath; as Psalm 130:3 declares, "If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who should stand?". Yet God did not leave us in this state of miserable condemnation, though He would have been entirely justified in doing so. Instead, He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, into this fallen world to be a Saviour to us by enduring God's wrath in our stead. Christ is the only way by which men escape eternal punishment. He is "unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption" (1 Corinthians 1:30).
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IV. Man's Response to Redemption 
Left to himself, however, man does not want anything to do with the redemption bought by Christ. He would rather remain in his muck than be lifted out of it. There is nothing inherently in man that would cause him to desire Christ or what He has to offer. For "the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth" (Genesis 8:25) and "all we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way" (Isaiah 53:6). Before a man may be redeemed by the atoning work of Jesus, God must first draw him to Himself and open his eyes to his own rottenness. Then, and only then, can a man yearn after the forgiveness that comes with being washed in the perfect blood of Christ. As 2 Corinthians 3:5 states, "Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think anything as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God".


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Persevero,
Scribe




Friday, October 23, 2009

From the School Library...

...[Satyrane] said, "Arise thou cursed Miscreant,
That haste with knightless guile and treacherous train
Fair knighthood foully shamed, and doest vaunt
That good knight of the Redcross to have slain.
Arise, and with like treason now maintain
Thy guilty wrong, or else thee guilty yield."
The Sarazin this hearing, rose amain,
And catching up in haste his three square shield,
And shining helmet, soon buckled him to the field...
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Therewith they 'gan, both furious and fell,
To thunder blows, and fiercely to assail,
Each other bent his enemy to quell,
That with their force they pierced both plate and mail
And made wide furrows in their fleshes frail,
That it would pity any living eye.
Large floods of blood adown their sides did rail;
But floods of blood could not them satisfy:
Both hungered after death; both chose to win, or die.
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So long they fight, and fell revenge pursue,
That fainting each, themselves to breathen let,
And oft refreshed, battle oft renew.
As when two Boars with rankling malice met,
Their gory sides fresh bleeding fiercely fret,
Til breathless both themselves aside retire,
Where foaming wrath, their cruel tusks they whet,
And trample the earth, the whiles they may respire;
Then back to fight again, new breathed and entire.
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So fiercely, when these knights had breathed once,
They 'gan to fight return, increasing more
Their puissant force, and cruel rage at once,
With heaped strokes more hugely, than before,
That with their dreary wounds and bloody gore
They both deformed, scarcely could be known.


~ Excerpt from Book I of The Faerie Queen by Edmund Spenser


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Persevero,
Scribe

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Basic Christianity - Preface

As an introductory post for Basic Christianity, we'll simply take a brief look at the question, "What is basic Christianity?" This is a natural question, and one which should be answered before proceeding...
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In the preface to his book, John Stott examines this question. He reminds us that basic Christianity isn't merely accepting the fact that Jesus was the Son of God. No, basic Christianity isn't even just believing that Jesus is the Son of God who came to be the Saviour of the world. Basic Christianity, says Stott, is this: 
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"We must commit ourselves, heart and mind, soul and will, home and life, personally and unreservedly to Jesus Christ. We must humble ourselves before Him. We must trust in Him as our Saviour and submit to Him as our Lord; and then we must go on to take our place as loyal members of the church and responsible citizens in the community."
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Read about John Stott here
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To get your own copy of Basic Christianity, click here 


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Persevero,
Scribe 

Sunday, October 18, 2009

A Study of John Stott's Basic Christianity

As part of my reading for this school year, I'll be going through John Stott's Basic Christianity, an introductory apologetics book. I'm looking forward to it very much. Hopefully, it will widen my knowledge and understanding of Christian doctrines, and further enable me to defend the Faith against those who question its validity. 
The posts will be on a weekly basis, in the same way I'm doing Schultz's Created for Work. However, as the chapters of Stott's book are lengthy, and full of a variety of points, I will only select a portion of each chapter to post on.
Of course, Basic Christianity will be read and considered in the light of God's supreme, authoritative Word. Some of my posts may even express certain disagreements I have with Stott's work. However, I sincerely hope the following study will be to the edification of myself and those who read it. 
Soli Deo Gloria!


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Persevero,
Scribe

Friday, October 16, 2009

Swimming in Literature

A list of some of the books I'll be reading through over the first term of this school year...
    librarian or Scholar
  • A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt. This is a play written on the life of Sir Thomas More (author of Utopia), and specifically chronicles the stormy confrontation between More, a staunch Roman Catholic, and King Henry VIII, who broke with the Romish Church to divorce his wife...
  • Fierce Wars & Faithful Loves by famous poet Edmund Spenser. This is Book 1 of Spenser's well-known The Faerie Queen. C.S. Lewis said, "Beyond all doubt, it is best to have made one's first acquaintance with Spenser in a very large edition of The Faerie Queen, on a wet day, between the ages of twelve and sixteen... To read him is to grow in mental health." And actually, the fantasy world of The Faerie Queen would serve as an inspiration and model for Tolkien and Lewis. Interesting, huh...
  • Utopia by Sir Thomas More. In this famous work, "More describes a pagan, communist city-state governed by reason." Throughout the book, More addresses things like religious pluralism, women's rights, state-sponsored education, colonialism, and justified warfare. I'm sure this is going to trigger some blog posts...
  • The New World by Sir Winston Churchill. The second volume of Churchill's A History of the English Speaking Peoples. I read volume 1 (The Birth of Britain) last year, and loved it, so I'm looking forward to continuing through the series...
  • Whatever Happened to Justice? by Richard Maybury. I read another of Maybury's books last year dealing with economics, and enjoyed his writing style very much. However, as with all things, I'll be measuring his thoughts on justice by God's thoughts on justice...
  • How to Read a Book by Mortimer Adler & Charles Van Doren. I am really looking forward to studying through this book! Adler and Doren detail step-by-step how to intelligently and thoroughly read a book, and instruct on how to X-ray a book, extract the author's message, criticize it, etc. 
  • To Have and To Hold by Mary Johnston. This is a historical-fiction novel set during the times of the founding of colonial Jamestown in the 1600's.
  • Saints and Heroes Since the Middle Ages by George Hodges. This little book covers Luther, Cranmer, Calvin, Coligny, and many others.
  • Rural Hours by Susan Fenimore Cooper. Written by the daughter of well-known novelist James Fenimore Cooper (The Last of the Mohicans), Rural Hours is a nature study/natural history book. We'll just have to see if Cooper's idea of nature matches up with the Scriptures...
  • Westward Ho! by Charles Kingsley. This looks to be a very intriguing historical fiction book. Kingsley's story is set during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

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Persevero,
Scribe